(For Goodall, the divide between humans and other primates is slight at one point she referred to "Washoe and Koko and people like that.") Fouts accused the eminent MIT linguist Noam Chomsky, a vocal critic of the notion that chimpanzees possess verbal communication faculties, of "pandering to human arrogance in order to sell books." This is what they do." Gorillas talk, too in the 1970s, a Stanford graduate student, Penny Patterson, taught sign language to a gorilla named Koko. "This is all stuff we've known for 35 years," said Roger Fouts, professor of psychology at Central Washington University and author of Next of Kin, a book about his experiences while teaching American Sign Language to a chimpanzee named Washoe. Most speakers took as given that chimpanzees can communicate and emote, and that their rights should be expanded. The event attracted primatologists like Richard Wrangham, Moore professor of biological anthropology, who directs the Kibale Chimpanzee Project in Uganda, as well as legal figures such as Stephen Wise, who taught the first animal-rights law class at Harvard, in 2000, and Frankfurter professor of law Alan Dershowitz. Goodall's landmark study of chimpanzees in Tanzania helped redefine the boundaries between animals and humans, the very boundaries that were the symposium's focal point. "We need to recognize that animal medical research hasn't helped that much." (For a broad discussion of this issue, see "Animal Research," January-February 1999, page 48.) Goodall, however, claimed that such studies have not produced major scientific advances. In fact, human and chimpanzee DNA are 98.7 percent identical, a biological fact that has supported the use of these primates in laboratory research. "You can buy them on the Internet." She spoke at a symposium on "The Evolving Legal Status of Chimpanzees" cosponsored by Harvard Law School's Student Animal Legal Defense Fund and the nonprofit Chimpanzee Collaboratory the September conference explored legal protections (and lack of same) for the great apes, a subcategory of primates that includes chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans—and, according to some proponents, humans. It's still legal to buy our closest living relatives as pets," declared Jane Goodall, the renowned primatologist.